On October 11, 2005, China ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). In 2005, the ITC Project partnered with the Office of Tobacco Control, China CDC to establish the ITC China (CN) Survey. Five waves were conducted among adult smokers and non-smokers in selected cities depending of the survey wave (Beijing, Changsha, Guangzhou, Shanghai Yinchuan, Shenyang, Kunming, Changzhi, Huzhou, Tongren, Yichun, and Xining).