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Canada ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) on November 26, 2004. In 2002, a team of researchers from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States launched the flagship ITC Four Country (4C) Survey. Nine survey waves of ITC 4C Survey have been conducted among a cohort of adult smokers aged 18 and older in Canada. In 2016, the team expanded the cigarette smoking 4C survey into the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping (4CV3) Survey, to investigate the relationship between nicotine vaping products (NVPs) and/or heated tobacco products (HTPs) and cigarette use, and to inform emerging policies related to NVPs and/or HTPs. Three survey waves of the 4CV Survey have been conducted among adult smokers, recent former smokers, vapers, and HTP users in Canada as well as Australia, England, and the United States. These four countries have similar cigarette-smoking rates, but divergent policies on vaping product and/or HTP use. The ITC Project in collaboration with researchers at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center conducted in 2018, the ITC Japan-Canada Heated Tobacco Products (JCH) Survey. Fieldwork in Canada consisted of both a survey and a urine collection component in the two countries. In both surveys, tobacco users and non-users are adults aged 18 and older.

Survey Overview

Survey Mode: Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) and/or Web Interview
Wave Survey Dates Survey Sample Size
4C1-CA October 30 to December 30, 2002 2,214 Smokers
4C2-CA May 16 to September 28, 2003 2,196 (2,015 Smokers and 181 Quitters)
4C3-CA June 3 to December 27, 2004 2,108 (1,897 Smokers and 211 Quitters)
4C4-CA October 10, 2005 to January 31, 2006 2,029 (1,784 Smokers and 245 Quitters)
4C5-CA October 11, 2006 to February 17, 2007 2,022 (1,757 Smokers and 265 Quitters)
4C6-CA September 21, 2007 to February 12, 2008 2,015 (1,727 Smokers and 288 Quitters)
4C7-CA October 25, 2008 to July 28, 2009 1,846 (1,510 Smokers and 336 Quitters)
4C8-CA English: July 13, 2010 to April 20, 2011 French: July 13, 2010 to June 24, 2011 1,581 (1,249 Smokers and 332 Quitters)
4C9-CA August 28, 2013 to Oct 31, 2014 1,592 (1,209 Smokers and 383 Quitters)
Survey Mode: Web Interview 1
Wave Survey Dates Survey Sample Size
4CV1-CA English: July 7 to October 30, 2016 3,828 (1,390 Smokers, 383 Quitters, 230 NVP Users, and 1,825 Dual Smoking-NVP Users)
4CV2-CA February 23 to July 2018 3,778 (1,349 Smokers, 475 Quitters, 330 NVP Users, and 1,624 Dual Smoking-NVP Users)
4CV3-CA February 24 to June 1, 2020 3,688 (1,674 Smokers, 475 Quitters, 337 NVP Users, 1,240 Dual Smoking-NVP/HTP Users)
4CV4-CA August 4 to December 19, 2022 2,120 (903 Smokers, 286 Quitters, 210 NVP Users, 721 Dual Smoking-NVP/HTP Users)
Survey Mode: Web Interview 2
Wave Survey Dates Survey Sample Size
JCH-CA September 12 to October 30, 2018 275 (78 Smokers, 33 Nicotine Vaping Product/Heated Tobacco Product Users, 85 Dual Users, and 79 Non-Users)

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